mingshi
25th March 2003, 06:35 PM
Think Kendo is safe? Think again. Just cannot imagine how many people have been doing in-depth scientific research on Kendo over the last 100 years. I "accidentally" came across the National Library Medicine and come across the following articles:-
Strenuous exercise-induced change in redox state of human serum albumin during intensive kendo training.
Imai H, Hayashi T, Negawa T, Nakamura K, Tomida M, Koda K, Tajima T, Koda Y, Suda K, Era S.
Department of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Japan.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of human serum albumin (HSA) using an ion-exchange (DEAE-form) column shows three components: The principal component corresponds to human mercaptalbumin (HMA); the secondary to nonmercaptalbumin (HNA), having mixed disulfide with cystine (HNA[Cys]), or oxidized glutathione (HNA[Glut]); and the tertiary to HNA, oxidized more highly than mixed disulfide. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the effects of strenuous exercise load on HMA--><--HNA conversion (i.e., dynamic change in redox state) of HSA from elite kendo athletes (n=30; 20.0+/-1.1 years old). They participated in an intensive kendo training camp for 5 d. The mean value for the HMA fraction (f[HMA]) of kendo athletes after camp (62.8+/-2.4%) was significantly lower than before camp (71.9+/-3.7%) (p<0.0005). In contrast, the mean value for f(HNA-1) (i.e., f[HNA(Cys) and HNA(Glut)]) after camp (34.2+/-2.1%) was significantly higher than before camp (25.7+/-3.7%) (p<0.0005). These results suggested that strenuous physical exercise markedly increased the oxidized albumin level in extracellular fluids during the intensive training camp.
Stress fracture of the ulnar styloid process in kendo player--a case report.
Itadera E, Ichikawa N, Hashizume H, Inoue H.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kochi Prefectural Aki Hospital, Kochi, Japan. itadera@ppp.bekkoame.ne.jp
We present a case report of a 15-year-old kendo (Japanese fencing) player who suffered a stress fracture of the ulnar styloid process. Exercise of the kendo requires the athlete to flex his non-dominant wrist repeatedly in an ulnar direction, and causes the disorder. Excision of the osteochondral fragment relieved the symptoms. This lesion is likely to occur with other sports or activities which demand similar motion of the wrists.
Coactivation of the flexor muscles as a synergist with the extensors during ballistic finger extension movement in trained kendo and karate athletes.
Lee JB, Matsumoto T, Othman T, Yamauchi M, Taimura A, Kaneda E, Ohwatari N, Kosaka M.
Department of Environmental Physiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan.
To analyse the effects of ballistic property training on ballistic finger extension movement, surface electromyographic pattern (EMGs) of the finger extensor and flexor muscles and the acceleration signal of the middle finger were recorded in trained kendo and karate athletes, and sedentary non-athletic men. Ballistic finger extension did not show the characteristic triphasic EMG pattern reported in single joint, but a coactivation of flexor and extensor muscles. Reaction time (RT) in kendo (143 +/- 12 msec) and karate (146 +/- 11 msec) athletes were significantly shorter than that in the control (176 +/- 12 msec). The shortenings of the RT were attributed to both the shortenings of premotor time and motor time. The delay of the flexor muscles discharge after those of the extensors in kendo (0.8 +/- 7.0 msec) and karate (-0.2 +/- 5.0 msec) athletes was significantly shorter than in control (12.7 +/-5.6 msec). These results suggest that the RT is shortened through motor learning in the kendo and karate athletes who trained for momentary movements; and that the flexor muscles may play an important role as a synergist in heightening the efficiency of ballistic finger extension in coordination with the extensor muscles.
Bilateral stress fractures of the ulnae in a Kendo (Japanese fencing) player.
Sujino T, Ohe T, Shinozuka M.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Natogaya Hospital, Kashiwa-shi, Japan.
A case of bilateral stress fractures of the ulnae in a Kendo (Japanese fencing) player is reported; the mechanism of the fractures, particularly the difference in the site of fracture between the right and left ulna, is discussed.
Repetitive strain injury to the foot in elite women kendoka.
Nunn NR, Dyas JW, Dodd IP.
Cheltenham and Gloucester College of Higher Education, United Kingdom.
OBJECTIVE: To account for the apparent high incidence of pain in the feet of elite women kendo players. METHODS: A clinical evaluation was done by a chiropractor, the women were interviewed about their kendo experience, and the conditions and frequency of training and ground reaction forces were measured on a Kistler force plate during the kendo attacking action. RESULTS: Four out the five women presented with plantar fasciitis. They had all practised for some time on wooden floors laid on concrete, for between two to four hours a week. They warmed up conscientiously but cool down was more cursory. The force plate results showed that they were hitting the floor with a mean force of four times body weight during a transient impact. CONCLUSIONS: High motivation for practice and training, hard floors, ignoring painful feet, and cursory postpractice cool down probably produced the condition. Postpractice icing and stretching were found to be most effective in the short term. In the longer term reducing the level of impact, either by training on sprung floors or changing the footwork, might reduce the incidence and intensity of the fasciitis.
A case of pneumomediastinum caused by closed tracheal injury during the game of Kendo (Japanese fencing)
Article in Japanese
Komatsu H, Enzan K, Mitsuhata H, Hasegawa J, Matsumoto S, Suzuki M, Nishihira S.
Department of Anesthesiology, Akita University Hospital.
A patient was injured accidentally on his neck during the game of Kendo (Japanese fencing). After his neck injury, he continued to play Kendo because there was no symptom at that time. Starting 10 minutes after the injury, swelling as well as pain on the neck and dyspnea developed gradually. After the admission to the emergency room, computed tomography revealed pneumomediastinum. Nasal endotracheal intubation was performed gently under fiberscopy. Dyspnea and pneumomediastinum improved gradually during the 6 days after the admission. A patient who has received a closed injury on his neck without immediate symptoms or signs must be observed closely because the absence of symptoms or signs does not guarantee the absence of the injury of the trachea.
An unusual cause of metatarsal pain in a young kendo player.
Sakamoto K, Mizuta H, Okajima K, Kitagawa T.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan.
A female case of march hemoglobinuria induced by kendo (Japanese fencing) exercise
(Article in Japanese)
Urabe M, Hara Y, Hokama A, Suzuki M, Wakabayashi T, Ishii J.
March hemoglobinuria caused by Kendo: report on 3 cases with exertion test of Kendo and study on erythrocyte membrane SDS-PAGE
(Article in Japanese)
Asai T, Itoh K, Oh H, Sugiura Y, Endo N, Nakamura H, Yoshida S, Igarashi T, Fujioka S.
Carotid dissecting aneurysm due to blunt (rubbing) injury of the Kendo protector
Article in Japanese
Sakai H, Kaneko D, Yuki K, Nakamura N.
A case of dissecting aneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery due to rare mechanism by non-penetrating injury is described. A 45-year-old right-handed man had complaints of the right lateral neck pain during exercise of KENDO wearing a tight headneck protector. Following sudden dysarthria and left hemiplegia, he developed loss of consciousness and generalized convulsion. Five hours after admission, he became alert and had no neurological deficits. Four days after these episodes, he loss visual acuity of the right eye, and a few days later he showed left hemiplegia, hypotension, hypersomnia and right-sides Horner's syndrome. Right retrograde brachial angiography revealed so-called "string sign" in the right extracranial internal carotid artery and delayed circulation in the right cerebral hemisphere. He was diagnosed as having traumatic dissecting aneurysm due to blunt (rubbing) injury. He was treated with STA-MCA anastomosis 3 weeks after the accident. Usually, carotid dissecting aneurysm due to blunt injury is produced by hyperextension and contralateral rotation of the neck or direct blow to the neck, but our case shows a possible mechanism of rubbing injury such as simple anteroposterior flexion under tight neck fixation.
[A case of march hemoglobinuria following "kendo" (Japanese fencing) exercise
Article in Japanese
Mineoka K, Yamamoto K, Isemura T, Fujii H, Wada S, Masaki K.
[On the influence of Kendo training or home study upon uropepsin excretion
Article in Japanese
Kitamura R.
Source:
National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)
Just interesting to know what they are all doing in Education Universities when they are not having Kendo sessions.:rolleyes:
Strenuous exercise-induced change in redox state of human serum albumin during intensive kendo training.
Imai H, Hayashi T, Negawa T, Nakamura K, Tomida M, Koda K, Tajima T, Koda Y, Suda K, Era S.
Department of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Japan.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of human serum albumin (HSA) using an ion-exchange (DEAE-form) column shows three components: The principal component corresponds to human mercaptalbumin (HMA); the secondary to nonmercaptalbumin (HNA), having mixed disulfide with cystine (HNA[Cys]), or oxidized glutathione (HNA[Glut]); and the tertiary to HNA, oxidized more highly than mixed disulfide. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the effects of strenuous exercise load on HMA--><--HNA conversion (i.e., dynamic change in redox state) of HSA from elite kendo athletes (n=30; 20.0+/-1.1 years old). They participated in an intensive kendo training camp for 5 d. The mean value for the HMA fraction (f[HMA]) of kendo athletes after camp (62.8+/-2.4%) was significantly lower than before camp (71.9+/-3.7%) (p<0.0005). In contrast, the mean value for f(HNA-1) (i.e., f[HNA(Cys) and HNA(Glut)]) after camp (34.2+/-2.1%) was significantly higher than before camp (25.7+/-3.7%) (p<0.0005). These results suggested that strenuous physical exercise markedly increased the oxidized albumin level in extracellular fluids during the intensive training camp.
Stress fracture of the ulnar styloid process in kendo player--a case report.
Itadera E, Ichikawa N, Hashizume H, Inoue H.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kochi Prefectural Aki Hospital, Kochi, Japan. itadera@ppp.bekkoame.ne.jp
We present a case report of a 15-year-old kendo (Japanese fencing) player who suffered a stress fracture of the ulnar styloid process. Exercise of the kendo requires the athlete to flex his non-dominant wrist repeatedly in an ulnar direction, and causes the disorder. Excision of the osteochondral fragment relieved the symptoms. This lesion is likely to occur with other sports or activities which demand similar motion of the wrists.
Coactivation of the flexor muscles as a synergist with the extensors during ballistic finger extension movement in trained kendo and karate athletes.
Lee JB, Matsumoto T, Othman T, Yamauchi M, Taimura A, Kaneda E, Ohwatari N, Kosaka M.
Department of Environmental Physiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan.
To analyse the effects of ballistic property training on ballistic finger extension movement, surface electromyographic pattern (EMGs) of the finger extensor and flexor muscles and the acceleration signal of the middle finger were recorded in trained kendo and karate athletes, and sedentary non-athletic men. Ballistic finger extension did not show the characteristic triphasic EMG pattern reported in single joint, but a coactivation of flexor and extensor muscles. Reaction time (RT) in kendo (143 +/- 12 msec) and karate (146 +/- 11 msec) athletes were significantly shorter than that in the control (176 +/- 12 msec). The shortenings of the RT were attributed to both the shortenings of premotor time and motor time. The delay of the flexor muscles discharge after those of the extensors in kendo (0.8 +/- 7.0 msec) and karate (-0.2 +/- 5.0 msec) athletes was significantly shorter than in control (12.7 +/-5.6 msec). These results suggest that the RT is shortened through motor learning in the kendo and karate athletes who trained for momentary movements; and that the flexor muscles may play an important role as a synergist in heightening the efficiency of ballistic finger extension in coordination with the extensor muscles.
Bilateral stress fractures of the ulnae in a Kendo (Japanese fencing) player.
Sujino T, Ohe T, Shinozuka M.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Natogaya Hospital, Kashiwa-shi, Japan.
A case of bilateral stress fractures of the ulnae in a Kendo (Japanese fencing) player is reported; the mechanism of the fractures, particularly the difference in the site of fracture between the right and left ulna, is discussed.
Repetitive strain injury to the foot in elite women kendoka.
Nunn NR, Dyas JW, Dodd IP.
Cheltenham and Gloucester College of Higher Education, United Kingdom.
OBJECTIVE: To account for the apparent high incidence of pain in the feet of elite women kendo players. METHODS: A clinical evaluation was done by a chiropractor, the women were interviewed about their kendo experience, and the conditions and frequency of training and ground reaction forces were measured on a Kistler force plate during the kendo attacking action. RESULTS: Four out the five women presented with plantar fasciitis. They had all practised for some time on wooden floors laid on concrete, for between two to four hours a week. They warmed up conscientiously but cool down was more cursory. The force plate results showed that they were hitting the floor with a mean force of four times body weight during a transient impact. CONCLUSIONS: High motivation for practice and training, hard floors, ignoring painful feet, and cursory postpractice cool down probably produced the condition. Postpractice icing and stretching were found to be most effective in the short term. In the longer term reducing the level of impact, either by training on sprung floors or changing the footwork, might reduce the incidence and intensity of the fasciitis.
A case of pneumomediastinum caused by closed tracheal injury during the game of Kendo (Japanese fencing)
Article in Japanese
Komatsu H, Enzan K, Mitsuhata H, Hasegawa J, Matsumoto S, Suzuki M, Nishihira S.
Department of Anesthesiology, Akita University Hospital.
A patient was injured accidentally on his neck during the game of Kendo (Japanese fencing). After his neck injury, he continued to play Kendo because there was no symptom at that time. Starting 10 minutes after the injury, swelling as well as pain on the neck and dyspnea developed gradually. After the admission to the emergency room, computed tomography revealed pneumomediastinum. Nasal endotracheal intubation was performed gently under fiberscopy. Dyspnea and pneumomediastinum improved gradually during the 6 days after the admission. A patient who has received a closed injury on his neck without immediate symptoms or signs must be observed closely because the absence of symptoms or signs does not guarantee the absence of the injury of the trachea.
An unusual cause of metatarsal pain in a young kendo player.
Sakamoto K, Mizuta H, Okajima K, Kitagawa T.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan.
A female case of march hemoglobinuria induced by kendo (Japanese fencing) exercise
(Article in Japanese)
Urabe M, Hara Y, Hokama A, Suzuki M, Wakabayashi T, Ishii J.
March hemoglobinuria caused by Kendo: report on 3 cases with exertion test of Kendo and study on erythrocyte membrane SDS-PAGE
(Article in Japanese)
Asai T, Itoh K, Oh H, Sugiura Y, Endo N, Nakamura H, Yoshida S, Igarashi T, Fujioka S.
Carotid dissecting aneurysm due to blunt (rubbing) injury of the Kendo protector
Article in Japanese
Sakai H, Kaneko D, Yuki K, Nakamura N.
A case of dissecting aneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery due to rare mechanism by non-penetrating injury is described. A 45-year-old right-handed man had complaints of the right lateral neck pain during exercise of KENDO wearing a tight headneck protector. Following sudden dysarthria and left hemiplegia, he developed loss of consciousness and generalized convulsion. Five hours after admission, he became alert and had no neurological deficits. Four days after these episodes, he loss visual acuity of the right eye, and a few days later he showed left hemiplegia, hypotension, hypersomnia and right-sides Horner's syndrome. Right retrograde brachial angiography revealed so-called "string sign" in the right extracranial internal carotid artery and delayed circulation in the right cerebral hemisphere. He was diagnosed as having traumatic dissecting aneurysm due to blunt (rubbing) injury. He was treated with STA-MCA anastomosis 3 weeks after the accident. Usually, carotid dissecting aneurysm due to blunt injury is produced by hyperextension and contralateral rotation of the neck or direct blow to the neck, but our case shows a possible mechanism of rubbing injury such as simple anteroposterior flexion under tight neck fixation.
[A case of march hemoglobinuria following "kendo" (Japanese fencing) exercise
Article in Japanese
Mineoka K, Yamamoto K, Isemura T, Fujii H, Wada S, Masaki K.
[On the influence of Kendo training or home study upon uropepsin excretion
Article in Japanese
Kitamura R.
Source:
National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)
Just interesting to know what they are all doing in Education Universities when they are not having Kendo sessions.:rolleyes: